KEYNOTE ADDRESS
for the
Lutheran World Federation Pre-Assembly in Asia
by
Bishop Dr. Munib A. Younan
The Lutheran Bishop in Jerusalem
March 2-6, 2003
Medan, Indonesia
FOR
THE HEALING OF THE WORLD
What Is the Role of the Church?
(Text:
Mark 2:1-12)
"A
few days later, when Jesus again entered Capernaum, the people
heard that he had come home. So many gathered that there was
no room left, not even outside the door, and he preached the
word to them. Some men came, bringing to him a paralytic, carried
by four of them. Since they could not get him to Jesus because
of the crowd, they made an opening in the roof above Jesus and,
after digging through it, lowered the mat the paralyzed man
was lying on. When Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic,
‘Son, your sins are forgiven.'
"Now some teachers of the law were sitting there, thinking
to themselves, ‘Why does this fellow talk like that? He's
blaspheming! Who can forgive sins but God alone?'
"Immediately Jesus knew in his spirit that this was what
they were thinking in their hearts, and he said to them, ‘Why
are you thinking these things? Which is easier: to say to the
paralytic, "Your sins are forgiven," or to say,
"Get up, take your mat and walk"? But that you may
know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins
…' He said to the paralytic, ‘I tell you,
get up, take your mat and go home.' He got up, took his
mat and walked out in full view of them all. This amazed everyone
and they praised God, saying, ‘We have never seen anything
like this!"
Dear
Sisters and Brothers in Christ gathered here in Indonesia for
the Lutheran World Federation Pre-Assembly -
May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, the love of God and
the communion of the Holy Spirit be with you always. Amen.
The New Testament story I have read is an appropriate text because
it corresponds with the theme of the LWF Assembly, "For
the Healing of the World." The story about the paralyzed
man and his encounter with Jesus gives us a wholistic picture
of how Jesus healed people in body, mind and spirit.
It is clear from the story that the paralyzed man and his friends
knew perfectly well that any healing would have to come from
outside themselves. It had to come from Christ himself. They
were helpless in the situation, probably feeling quite desperate
and hopeless. And then - word came to the people in the
villages about Jesus of Nazareth who taught about God's
Kingdom and was healing people. The friends planned their project
and transported their friend to Jesus, the one who could heal
paralyzed muscles. We can imagine how they must have looked
down through the hole on the roof, watching Jesus and their
friend, hoping and praying for the miracle to occur.
What is healing? How do we define the word healing? Perhaps
for most of us it means an individual physical cure of a disease
or injury. We all have experienced healing of this nature -
perhaps the healing of a broken bone or a case of bronchitis;
perhaps healing surgery for an infected appendix or the healing
administration of an antibiotic. We are thankful to God for
doctors and nurses, pharmacists and researchers who use their
special gifts to bring healing to the human body. We know God
is acting through them to bring wholeness to our physical bodies.
We also pray that God will continue to use these doctors and
scientists to find remedies for the pandemic HIV and AIDS virus,
for cancer and other diseases.
But God brings other kinds of healing, too. For instance, there
are emotional, mental and spiritual kinds of healing. And there
is the healing of relationships. Now we are starting to involve
other people in the description of healing. Let us involve them
even more. There is the kind of healing that involves a whole
family or a whole church or a whole society. There is the healing
that occurs between nations and the healing that occurs in our
environment, in the cosmos. Very soon we start to realize that
HEALING does not involve a CURE as much as it does a HARMONY
of body, mind, spirit, relationships, culture, society and environment.
Healing, my friends, does not necessarily mean a complete absence
of disease or pains or problems. Rather, a person or community
is healthy when a state of body or mind is exhibited in which
all the functions are being discharged harmoniously. This is
the gift of healing which Jesus gave to the people he touched
- their lives, relationships and environment were brought
together in a new, wholistic harmony. This is how Jesus healed
the paralyzed man.
I think of Nelson Mandela as an example of this kind of healing.
He was in prison in South Africa for so many years. When he
was finally released he asked to meet the prison warden. Why?
Because Mr. Mandela wanted to shake the man's hand, leaving
the prison and the staff with grace and forgiveness. He was
transparent, filled with God's love and grace. Yes, Nelson
Mandela had been in prison but he was not bitter and sick. He
was healed of his hatred and bitterness. He had been imprisoned
by apartheid but his spirit was healed. His captors thought
he was paralyzed, but he was free to walk with his sins forgiven,
ready to lead his nation.
Sisters and brothers, here is an important fact about our Savior.
Jesus viewed the individual as an essential unity of body and
mind. This wholistic approach to human life was far removed
from the Greek concept of the body as a prison house for the
soul. It was also far removed from a later philosophy of Descartes,
which divided the person into physical and mental categories,
stating that only the mental or spiritual category was the proper
sphere in which the church could work. Jesus Christ, the human
incarnation of God on this earth, could see and understand very
clearly the influence of body and mind upon each other. While
he was always concerned to heal the sick in body, he invariably
paid close attention to the mind and spirit of the suffering
person. For Jesus, the human being was a unity of body and mind.
When Jesus healed a man who could not speak, he was accused
of driving out demons by the power of Beelzebub. Jesus spoke
directly to his accusers, pointing out that if he was using
the power of Satan to heal people, then Satan was divided. "But,"
Jesus said, "if I drive out demons by the finger of God,
then the Kingdom of God has come to you." (Luke 11:20)
My friends, when healing is taking place in our world, we are
experiencing the Kingdom of God among us.
Some Christian groups emphasize spirituality through the preaching
of the Word and the administration of the Sacraments, but forget
that the gospel also means moving the pulpit into the streets
and ministering to people's physical and societal suffering.
Other Christian groups emphasize diaconia- ministering to ill
and forgotten people. But it is not enough only to administer
balm to people's wounds - the gospel must also deal
with the root causes of the wounds, confronting sin in society.
I am talking here about the sins of injustice, abuse, exclusivity,
colonialism, xenophobia, selfishness, materialism, violence,
war, land grabbing, deceit and inhumanity. Too often the church
is silent, or the church backs away when criticized by society
and even by church leaders when a position is publicly taken
against economic oppression or against domestic abuse, for example.
The Christian church MUST be prophetic - the church MUST
speak out on all issues involving brokenness in God's
creation, finding ways and means to heal the world with God's
grace. To speak out is part and parcel of preaching the gospel
and administering the sacraments. It is clear that Jesus wanted
to get to the root cause of human suffering, not only healing
the surface. This is the reason Jesus first forgave the sins
of the paralyzed man. The church is people - it is the
congregation, the grassroots. It is this church which must be
the voice of the voiceless. We cannot be quiet when people are
oppressed and suffering. If we only sing glorious Hallelujahs
and say that the world problems are not the business of the
church, we are living in hypocrisy and doing nothing to repair
people's lives. We are not healed ourselves and we are
not healing the world. Instead we look to Jesus who did not
remain hidden on the Mount of Transfiguration but returned to
the valley where people were suffering. There Jesus continued
his wholistic healing ministry. We, too, are called to bring
healing to the places of human suffering and oppression. We
do so by proclaiming the gospel in both word and deed. We do
so when we follow in the footsteps of Christ and deal with the
root cause of suffering: "Your sins are forgiven,"
Jesus told the paralyzed man.
Jesus said, "It is not the healthy who need a doctor,
but the sick. . . For I have not come to call the righteous,
but sinners." (Matt. 9:12-13) Certainly we as Lutherans,
with our gracious and life-giving doctrine of JUSTIFICATION,
can confidently name and diagnose the sin itself and then speak
clearly about God's grace for the healing of the world.
Planet Earth is boiling with many undiagnosed and unresolved
problems. Today I am going to touch on four areas that the church
needs to address for the healing of the world.
1. Justice Heals the World
As we look back in the Old Testament, we find that justice is
grounded in God's divine nature. This has far-reaching
implications for righteous living, righteous judging and righteous
rejoicing. The worship expected of the righteous, the one who
practices justice and righteousness, stems from obedience to
the Covenant. Professor von Rad says that there is no concept
more important in the Hebrew Scriptures than justice. When Isaiah
called the people of Israel to repent and come back to their
covenant relationship with God, they were reminded that it would
mean seeking justice and correcting oppression (1:17), letting
the oppressed go free, breaking every yoke (58:6). The Prophet
Micah spells out what God is really looking for, what God requires
or expects from those who have covenanted to be a blessing:
"What does the Lord require of you but to do justice,
love kindness and walk humbly with your God?" (6:8)
The New Testament perspective of justice is rooted in the proclamation
and inauguration of the reign of God in the person of Jesus
Christ. In the Gospel of St. Luke, Jesus sets out His program,
His purpose and His message of salvation. It included the mission
of justice. "The Spirit has sent me to let the oppressed
go free." (Luke 4:18) In the Gospel of St. Matthew, Jesus
reminds the religious leaders that they had given too much attention
to ritual purity and neglected the weightier matter of justice.
(Matt. 23:23)
Dr. Ishmael Noko, the General Secretary of the Lutheran World
Federation, explains the relationship between justice and justification.
It is a call to all those who are baptized into Christ to take
part in building community across the barriers that exist between
nations, ethnic groups, genders and generations. Because we
are justified by God and not by our own qualities or actions,
we should all receive each other as God receives us. The gift
of justification that we are given in Christ is an affirmation
that we are all made in God's image, that we are each
of value as individuals.
Being justified by grace through faith returns us to the real
meaning of biblical justice. It describes the ambiguity in which
we human beings find ourselves. We are at the same time sinners
and saints, always in need of justice and liberation, which
God graciously gives us. It means being simultaneously judged
and being freed. Those of us experiencing injustice in this
world have the promise of the wonderful hope of justice from
the cross and resurrection of Christ. Yes, we are victims of
injustice, but as we are saved by God's grace, the God
of justice will never allow injustice to have the final word.
As long as human beings are far from God, then true justice
is far from the world. As long as justice is deeply rooted in
self-interest, economy and power, then God's justification
has no value for true justice. As long as justice has double
or triple standards, then it contradicts the power of the cross.
This is true justice, that God has redeemed all humanity equally,
regardless of gender, ethnicity or race, whether powerful or
weak, rich or poor, from the North or South, East or West.
The justice of our modern world is dividing the world's
people and countries into an "axis of evil" in contrast
to an "axis of good." This division is a challenge
to religious communities and to our understanding of humanity.
We need to analyze it, to discuss it in a constructive way.
When people and nations are said to be a part of the "axis
of evil," we must ask ourselves, "What is behind
such language? Is the Northern world trying to create religious,
ethnic and theological polarizations that threaten to divide
the world's people into a number of warring camps, each
possessed by the need to dominate through fear?"
The editor of the ELCA Lutheran Magazine, Rev. David L. Miller,
writes in his editorial: "(The rhetoric) we are hearing
simplistically defines nations in terms of our (American) needs,
fear and anger. It fixes the identity of entire peoples as essentially
opposed to us, ignoring their needs, legitimate aspirations
and groups within their societies with whom we share values
and interests."
The rhetoric of the "axis of evil" fans war fever
to convince many people that military options against the bad
group are the only way of dealing with destructive leaders and
governments. It also depersonalizes entire peoples so we no
longer see them, lest we notice the destruction that our national
policies wreak on nations that are being demonized.
Unfortunately, the rhetoric of "axis of evil" blinds
the world to justice and to the reality that life is interconnected.
No person or nation is an island. Our Creator fashions a unity
in which each element is connected with the others.
For these reasons, justification by grace through faith proclaims
that the compassion of God has no respect for the world's
judgment of purity, acceptability or net worth. "All have
sinned and fall short of the glory of God. They are now justified
by His grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ
Jesus." (Rom. 3:23-24) God's mercy is for sinners,
both in the "axis of evil" and the "axis of
good", rich as Zacchaeus and poor as Lazarus at the gate.
The justice of God is seen in Jesus who died on the cross for
all peoples equally and freely.
Where politicians are seeing barriers, the Christian Church
finds companions with whom it can join to oppose the barbarism
of death, destruction and demonization. United in its opposition,
the Church becomes the "axis of hope" created by
the Spirit, sharing in God's loving dream for all peoples
and the whole creation, as Bishop Christian Krause said to the
LWF Council in Wittenburg, Germany. Wherever the Church finds
people truly affirming the sacredness of life, there we find
the Spirit of Life at work, creating an "axis of hope."
The mercy of God's future appears, creating a spiral -
not of violence, but of life - working for justice that
alone holds the promise of peace in our world.
By saying this, I believe that justification by grace through
faith calls the Church to be prophetic and even to swim against
the waves of injustice in our world. Professor Dietrich Bonhoeffer
put it this way: "It is part of the Church's office
of guardianship that it shall call sin by its name and that
it will warn men and women against sin; for righteousness exalteth
a nation, both in time and in eternity." If the church
does not do this, it would be incurring part of the guilt "for
the blood of the wicked." (Ezek. 3:17ff) Only justice
will save the world and humanity from wars, calamities and bloodshed.
Justice with peace heals our broken world.
The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America has written a social
statement, "For Peace in God's World." The
statement says, "When the Church fulfills the mandates
of its divine calling, it helps in word and deed to create an
environment conducive to peace. When the Church forsakes these
mandates, it also fails to serve earthly peace. Through faithfulness
in its life and activities as a community for peace, the Church
in the power of the Holy Spirit becomes a presence for peace
that disturbs, reconciles, serves and deliberates." The
statement goes on to say, "The Church is a disturbing
presence when it refuses to be silent and instead speaks the
truth in times when people shout out, ‘Peace, peace,'
when there is no peace. The Church is this presence when it
names and resists idols that lead to false security, injustice,
and war, and calls for repentance."
The Palestinian Church is also called to be an "axis of
hope" and to be prophetic. It is called to condemn injustice
but at the same time to bring hope, work for justice and prepare
a generation of hope and peace. We do this by treating people
justly at home and at work, raising our children to trust in
Jesus Christ as our Savior, living just and peaceful lives.
We do this by teaching justice and peace in our Lutheran and
Christian schools, and practicing justice, peace and reconciliation
in our congregations. It is the call of the Church to condemn
oppression, occupation and violence in our country, but at the
same time to call for just peace for both Israel and Palestine
according to the international legitimacy.
The Christian Church needs to be prophetic in order to break
the vicious cycle of hatred and revenge. Justification by grace
through faith calls the Palestinian Church not only to work
for justice but also to be ministers of reconciliation in our
homes, our congregations and in this land. We are to educate
the grassroots of both nations to see God not only in oneself
but also in the other, whom we consider to be an enemy. Once
we see God in the other, then we can accept the humanity of
the other and even the otherness of the other. Once the humanity
of the other is rediscovered, then we can mutually recognize
each other's human, civil, religious, national and political
rights. Only then will our country, Palestine and Israel, become
a promised land of milk and honey for both Palestinians and
Israelis.
2. Globalization: Blessing or curse? Or both?
There are two Bible stories that demonstrate that globalization
can be a blessing but can also turn into a sin against humanity.
The
first story is found in Acts 2. Jesus' disciples had been
waiting for the coming of the Holy Spirit, as Jesus had instructed
them. When the day of Pentecost came the disciples were empowered
by God's Holy Spirit and, as it says in Acts 2, "All
of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak
in other languages as the Spirit enabled them." Beginning
in verse 8 we hear about all the countries that were represented
in Jerusalem at Pentecost, and how all of the people heard the
disciples declaring the wonders of God in their own language.
Later in Acts 2 we hear about many people who were baptized
and about the close, loving fellowship of believers. Everything
is now connected in our modern world through technology. We
can benefit greatly from worldwide knowledge, skills and products.
We are able to communicate quickly and efficiently. If our modern
day globalization can be like Pentecost, providing opportunities
for people to understand other cultures and races, to come closer
to one another, to enhance the idea of pluralism, then globalization
is a great blessing to us.
There is another story in Genesis 11, however, which speaks
of globalization in an entirely different way. There were people
who decided to build a high tower that would reach into the
heavens. The purpose of such a tower is noted in verse 4, "
… so that we may make a name for ourselves and not be
scattered over the face of the whole earth." Because of
their arrogance and their political and national self-interest,
the tower of Babel was doomed to failure. The story says that
God confused their language so they could not understand one
another. The people were scattered over the earth. Modern globalization
is too often used in the same way - for personal and national
self-interest. People seek power for the sake of power. This
kind of globalization is a sin against humanity instead of seeking
the humanity of the human being. I believe that the world is
losing its humanity to globalization and technology, trusting
far more in money and power, bits and bytes, in world trade,
cyberspace and outer space than in our loving and compassionate
God. Ironically, in an age that connects people and nations
by the Internet, we are actually becoming further apart from
one another as persons, as children of God. We seem to believe
that we ourselves are all-powerful, self-sufficient, which is
the original sin in the Garden of Eden. Many people see no need
for God because of our impressive advances in various fields
of human enterprise. Human beings seem to matter less than numbers
or symbols or technology or power or money.
It is obvious that our economically globalized world is making
the rich richer and the poor poorer. A major area of our growing
inhumanity is in the large gap between North and South, between
East and West on this earth. The painful truth is that people
in the North live well at the expense of human beings in the
South. Some people in the North may be insensitive to traditions
in the South. Some people in the South and East may be angry
and bitter toward those in the North and West. These gaps are
continually widened by fear, economic greed, materialism, xenophobia,
anti-Semitism, Islamaphobia, selfishness and intolerance.
In its calling as the axis of hope, the Christian church must
be prophetic, continually reminding the world through its words
and deeds that all people are equally created and saved by God
and have the right to enjoy life on this earth. Yes, inhumanity
and economic greed exist, but the church must not let people
be deprived of their God-given rights to an abundant life. Everyone
needs to have equal opportunities and there needs to be an equal
sharing of resources. The mission of the church is to call for
and practice the redistribution of wealth, not as charity or
relief work but in a spirit of true generosity in an economically
globalized world of wrongs. Generosity means sharing the best
of what we have, not merely distributing our leftovers, or what
we no longer want or need. Generosity demands equal human and
civil rights for all the nations in assisting them to live in
dignity and to construct a healthy infrastructure. This is what
the church as a global communion is called to do - we
are moved to act in responsive and proactive ways that are consistent
with who we are as the Christian communion in this world, with
the many interrelationships we have around the globe. We are
to use our gifts of bridge building between North and South,
East and West in order to heal the rifts that now exist.
God came to this world in Jesus Christ. We call this gracious,
life-giving act the Incarnation. Considering the pain and struggle
of Jesus' life, it would have been easier for God NOT
to incarnate. God could have saved everyone from the comfort
of heaven, perhaps over the Internet. But God in Christ became
one of us to return humanity to a world that had lost its humanity.
Jesus Christ returned the imago dei, the image of God, to human
beings.
The mission of the church today is to allow Christ to re-incarnate
himself in the midst of this world, once again returning humanity
to Planet Earth that tragically has lost its humanity. We ask
God to empower us to rise up as the church and pursue the practical,
theological and spiritual challenges posed by economic globalization.
It is the call of the church in this globalized world to care
for God's children so there will be a new Pentecost instead
of a new tower of Babel.
3. Ecumenism as a Process of Healing among Churches
Healing of the world needs healing among the churches. We are
thankful to God that the Holy Spirit has led the Christian church
into a life of ecumenism. We are also thankful that ecumenism
of the church is not the bene esse of the church, but the actual
esse of the church. The Holy Spirit led so many church fathers
and mothers to bring about the ecumenical movement that is a
great blessing for the church and a blessing to the world. Just
look at the Joint Declaration for justification by faith that
was signed between Lutherans and Roman Catholics on the Eve
of the Jubilee year. Who would have said that five hundred years
after the Reformation such healing would take place? We are
also happy about dialogues and full recognition with Anglicans.
The Porvoo Agreement between the Nordic and Baltic Lutheran
churches and the Anglican churches of Great Britain and Ireland
is a good example. In the US, Lutherans and Episcopalians are
in full communion, as described in the Concordat. Dialogue is
also taking place with the Orthodox churches and other denominations.
This kind of healing is essential and we need to intensify our
prayers for the unity of the church. This is a process that
will lead to full healing.
In the early church there were many large and heated theological
discussions and yet the Christian church was known for its love.
"See how they love one another," said people outside
the church. Now in the 21st century it is very important that
we discuss our different theologies and clearly show our love
for each other. The dialogues between Lutherans and Catholics
are now discussing the apostolicity of the church. The healing
of old wounds lets us see the apostolicity of every church that
preaches the gospel and administers the sacraments. Such recognition
enlarges and enhances the mission of the church. The healing
within the divided church means that we can address the healing
so desperately needed in our broken and fallen world.
A. Why does ecumenism heal? The history of the Christian
church includes schism and disagreement. And yet through this
history of human weakness and frailty the church still exists.
I am reminded of Paul's words in the Second Letter to
the Corinthians: "But we have this treasure in clay jars,
so that it may be made clear that this extraordinary power belongs
to God and does not come from us." (II Cor. 4:7) In the
High Priestly Prayer in John 17 Jesus said: "Holy Father,
protect them by the power of your name - the name you
gave me - so that they may be one as we are one."
Such oneness does not mean that we lose the pluralistic nature
of the church, but it truly is a challenge to a divided church
to be sure the plurality is about doctrine and not about the
desire for power. We must ask ourselves with a clear conscience:
Do we see Christ in the other church or only in our own church
and confession? As Christians we need to confess that we have
not seen Christ in other churches and we are guilty of seeing
Christ exclusively in our own church. When we can acknowledge
this guilt and repent of it, the process of healing among churches
takes place. Then the church can faithfully ask: "What
is the call of the one Christ to the one church in the world?"
B. What is God's mission in this world? One day
a Muslim shopkeeper in the Old City of Jerusalem stopped me
as I was walking to my office at the Lutheran Church of the
Redeemer. "Look at that woman over there," he said.
"I can tell she is a Christian." I asked the man,
"How do you know that?" And he replied, "Because
she is carrying that handicapped child, and she takes care of
handicapped children that are not her own. You Christians are
better than we are." I told him that we Christians are
not better than Muslims, but we practice sacrificial love because
our Lord Jesus gave himself for us on the cross. This sacrificial
love is the only way to heal our world when we serve the needy
regardless of gender, race, religion or political affiliation.
When theologians discuss their understanding of mission, the
focus quite often is on the tension between the proclamation
of the Word, and the opinion that mission is dialogue. Here
the minority churches in the South can offer a third concept:
The mere presence of the church with its life and activities
is in itself mission and living witness.
The ecumenical movement is not an end in itself. Our strength
is that the ecumenical movement will guide us to have a unified
strategy for mission, evangelism and diaconia. It will also
lead us into our life of communion with each other. God's
mission in this world through the church is much more than dialogue
among Lutherans, Catholics and Orthodox. There is one mission:
How can the love of God penetrate into our world through grace?
How can we be enabled to heal our brokenness, our different
doctrines and our theological disagreements? The church is called
for one and the same mission - to carry the love of God
into this world and to our churches.
C. How can we carry out God's mission together?
Like Christ, the church must teach with authority, with truth,
and with passion for liberation, forgiveness and healing. This
authority we use is not one of blind obedience. It is rather
the authority of Jesus. The preaching and living of the Word
of God are done in a way that touches the hearts of people and
opens their lives to God and to God's priorities.
We in Asia are all churches that are the outcome of mission.
Sometimes we have problems because of this, but we must recognize
that God commissions us to preach the gospel and teach it with
authority in the context where God has placed us. The church
is the church whether as a sending church or a mission church.
Now all churches are both sending and mission churches. Sometimes
we have problems with our relationships between North and South
churches because we live in two different worlds. Usually it
is a matter of the churches in the North being financially rich
and the churches in the South being financially poor. A ruthless
fact that we face over and over is that financial resources
mean power. Even though the financial power is in the North,
the fact is that world Christianity now has its point of gravity
in the South. These days the vitality and growth in membership
are more evident in the churches in the South than in those
in the North.
In spite of this, the rich churches in the North have the financial
means that lead churches in the South to a certain dependency.
Allow me to take my own church, the ELCJ, as an example of a
church in the South. If our generous partners were to stop providing
their financial support, our work would come to a halt. The
tight financial situation and shortage of resources limit our
mission work, both among our people in our own context, and
even more in our ability to send missionaries to work in other
churches. We find ourselves living in a box, having no room
to move. Furthermore, we often have to move in a certain direction
in line with the constraints of financial support.
There
is also tension in the fact that some of these agencies get
most of their funding from government sources and there are
restrictions on how the funds may be used. While we realize
that churches in the South need to be challenged by the Northern
churches and development agencies, we would also like to challenge
them with these questions: "What does it mean to be together
in God's mission? What does it mean to have a common strategy
for mission and development? Are we really speaking about one
mission of Christ, or different missions?" It often seems
that the North, South, East and West have particular missions
that do not correspond to each other. My friends, we must have
one mission of Christ to face one globalized world.
I believe there is a way to be together in God's mission.
In fact, I know that this particular way of doing mission results
in partnerships that are equal and very effective. This is the
theology of accompaniment. In this theology there is no rich
or poor, no strong or weak, no large or small, no majority or
minority. Instead we walk together, as Christ walked with the
disciples on the way to Emmaus. Accompaniment assumes a process:
churches accompany each other on the way, sharing with each
other as equals, bringing healing to each other, learning from
each other.
We in the South can share our fresh witness to the gospel. We
can learn from the North how to be strong missionary churches.
Mission, my friends, is South, North, East and West. We allow
our Lord to break bread with us, erasing all barriers. We are
equals - we are transparent with one another in our accompaniment
- we are all empowered to do God's mission. In accompaniment
there is no minority church, no majority church, no East, West,
South or North church, but one church with one mission.
I believe the theology of accompaniment brings healing to the
world. Together the churches are walking with the Lord and with
each other, being transparent with one another in regard to
witness in word and deed, ecumenism and dialogue, communication
and finance, decision making and contextualization, racial diversity
and gender equity.
Again the message of salvation by God's grace through
faith is all-important. As mission boards, churches and denominations
in the North, South, East and West, we confess our own sins
of arrogance, selfishness and blindness. Then we can turn to
the world and together in accompaniment bring the life-giving
news of God's love in Jesus Christ to ourselves and to
others so that we may hear, "Look how much they love each
other and witness together."
4.
Interfaith Relationships as a Process of Healing the World
Is religion part of the problem of the brokenness of our world
or a solution for healing? This is the challenge that should
be delved into in a serious way.
First of all, religion can be a problem when it uses
the Holy Writings of the respective religions to justify injustice,
violence and war in our world. Let me elaborate in two examples:
1) A few days after the horrendous attacks on New York and Washington,
an extremist Christian came to my office and told me, "Bishop,
open your Bible and read Daniel, chapter 8. It speaks about
the destruction of the Twin Towers." Against my usual
courtesy for a visitor, I stood up and said, "Get out
of my office. Why did you not tell me
that on September 10th?"
2) There is no conflict in the world except the Palestinian-Israeli
conflict in which the Bible and the Torah have been used and
continue to be misused to justify injustice, occupation of the
land and the building of illegal Israeli settlements on confiscated
Palestinian land. In a similar way, the Koran has been used
by certain groups to justify actions to oppose these activities.
Some Christians insist on reading the Bible in eschatological
and dispensational ways. They use the apocalyptic books to justify
the destruction of the Dome of the Rock (the third holiest Muslim
place in the world) in order to rebuild the Third Temple on
the same site in Jerusalem. These Christians believe this biblical
interpretation will hasten the second coming of Jesus and thus
are preparing for the Armageddon war. In that war, they believe,
the Messiah will punish and even kill those who never believed
in him. For me, this is a sick ideology because it is not the
Messiah of the cross in whom I believe. Instead it is Christ
the military general. This kind of thinking I have declared
to be a heresy. Its proponents seek war and strange scenarios
for the fulfillment of prophecy. But, in fact, the Bible does
not teach us this heresy. Rather, the Bible teaches and Martin
Luther emphasizes that we are to seek Christ and only Christ,
and not scenarios of war and bloodshed. When the Holy Writings
are perverted and twisted in these ways, then religion is a
serious problem in the brokenness of our world and may become
a source of injustice.
Secondly, narrow religion can be a source and a tool
to create religious extremism. This extremism, in turn, adopts
intolerant positions or biased attitudes with exclusive claims
on the truth. These groups easily succeed where poverty and
injustice prevail. We are challenged and obstructed by religious
fanaticism and extremism because these groups think they are
the sole defenders of God and God's true religion. They
forget that God does not need defenders of religion. These groups
can easily be a threat to world justice and peace, creating
intolerance and turmoil instead. Cardinal Arinze is right when
he says that extremism is often characterized by an intransigent
attitude toward co-religionists and others who hold different
views, or who live in a different concept of society. This frequently
leads to violence. Some extremists even go further and deny
the right of religious freedom to those whose religious convictions
differ from their own.
For me as a man of dialogue for the healing of the world, there
is no religion which monopolizes the existence of tolerant and
intolerant groups in its midst. We find both tolerance and intolerance
existing in Christianity, Judaism, Islam and other religions.
But we can never allow intolerant groups to hijack God or religion.
We need to ask, in our 21st century: "How can religion
through interfaith dialogue contribute to tolerance among religions;
justice, peace and reconciliation; and the healing of our world?"
Interfaith dialogue must be prophetic. It must not create more
bitterness and injustice but must be able to heal.
First:
Interfaith dialogue ought to regard the theology of creation
in a serious way. Why did God create us differently? Why do
we differ in our various religious beliefs? It can be that there
is no immediate answer except that all people of all religions
are created in God's image. Yes, there are serious differences,
doctrines, traditions and norms. Interfaith dialogue does not
change these things nor does it erase them. Rather, interfaith
dialogue helps us to see God's presence in the other person.
When we see that, then we can admit that the Creator granted
every one of us equal human rights and equal values. We Christians
are called in our interfaith dialogue to challenge our world
with a strong theology of creation and redemption. God created
all human beings and nations equally. Through his Son, Jesus
Christ, on the cross, God saved all the world equally. This
is the basic theology that drives us to heal the world and combat
any kind of racism, extremism, superiority, anti-Semitism, Islamaphobia
and xenophobia in our modern world.
Second:
Interfaith dialogue must be courageous to seek common values
from the respective religions. It sometimes seems that the globalized
consumerism, materialism and secularism leave our world stripped
of values and instead impose the principles of self-interest.
Thus, relationships are dependent only on the self-interests
of both parties. For this reason I call on all religions to
seek for the common values that promote family, equality, justice,
peace, tolerance and reconciliation. A world without values
is a world of chaos. A world with values is a world that promotes
pluralism, equality, democracy and respect for other religions
and traditions even those that are strange to us.
Third:
Together with people of other religions, we must work together
to bring justice and healing to the world. We are not to please
politicians who seek war. Rather, religious people can be prophetic
if they offer the longstanding, peaceful means of religion to
solve world problems. Interfaith dialogue can challenge the
world with authority. Stop war! Stop the militarization in our
world that is threatening to kill humanity! Stop the proliferation
of conventional and non-conventional weapons that can burn our
world hundreds of times. How much money is spent on armaments,
weapons, military operations and occupation, on killing people?
It is the prophetic role of world religions to call for the
disarmament of the whole world, not only one country or some
countries we don't like. The world religions can assume
their prophetic role if they stand against militarism and call
for non-violent means to solve world problems. We are to tell
the world: "The money you spend on power and militarization
should be spent on eradicating poverty in the world, in providing
education, in bringing justice and equality, in conquering the
HIV and AIDS virus, cancer and other diseases."
Fourth:
Interfaith dialogue must promote peace education. We truly need
to learn about the other religions as they want to be perceived
and not as we want them to be. Peace education must be high
on the agenda. Peace education helps the adherents of one religion
to have a positive picture of the adherents of different religions
and avoid any kind of stigmatization, demonization or dehumanization.
Such understanding helps everyone to co-exist with tolerance,
love and hope. I believe all religious people must repent for
the ways in which we have distorted God image in the other.
The mission of healing the world will be stronger if it works
with other religions . . .
. . . to find common, positive values that motivate everyone
to work for reconciliation,
. . . to overcome racism, sexism, and fear of the other,
. . . to be responsible stewards taking care of the environment
and have a clear stance on genetic engineering,
. . . to condemn injustice, and
. . . to safeguard the human, civil and religious rights as
well as freedom of religion for every human being.
Our
world will be safer, richer and stronger if dialogue with other
religions will guide us to build a just, new world order of
security, freedom and tolerance, a modern civil society and
culture of peace.
EPILOGUE:
In a dialogue with a Jewish Rabbi friend, he told me that our
conflict does not need any more law. He said: "If Judaism
finds the truth, then law must be implied. If Islam finds the
truth, then the Sharia must be implied. Only Christianity can
offer the power of forgiveness if it finds the truth."
I looked at his face and said: "It is not because we Christians
are good that we are able to forgive, but it is due to the unconditional
forgiveness of our Lord and Master Jesus Christ on the cross.
We are forgiven even though we do not deserve it and this forgiveness
is the power of healing that we offer our churches and our world."
Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. said: "Love is the most durable
power in the world. This creative force, so beautifully exemplified
in the life of our Christ, is the most potent instrument available
in humankind's quest for peace and security."
Bishop Desmond Tutu has said, "Forgiveness is not just
some nebulous vague idea that one can easily dismiss. It has
to do with uniting people through practical politics. Without
forgiveness there is no future." Bishop Tutu knows whereof
he speaks and he expresses what everyone living under oppression
experiences. For him the power of forgiveness was a central
force in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa.
People's lives were healed in South Africa because forgiveness
was offered to them.
For the healing of the world - this was Jesus' mission
in his lifetime on this earth. And Jesus gave that program and
privilege to the church. We find the description of Jesus'
mission in Luke 4, as he read from the scroll of the prophet
Isaiah in the synagogue in Nazareth:
"The
Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to preach
good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim freedom for
the prisoners and recovery of sight for the blind, to release
the oppressed, to proclaim the year of the Lord's favor."
Then Jesus rolled up the scroll, handed it to the attendant
and sat down to teach the people. "Today," Jesus
said, "this scripture is fulfilled in your hearing."
May this scripture be fulfilled also in us - for
the healing of the world.Amen.